《Moyamoya Disease with Graves’ Disease》內容預覽
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《Moyamoya Disease with Graves’ Disease》內容簡(jiǎn)介

Summary
In overt hyperthyroidism, cardioembolic stroke is clearly associated to thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation, and in subclinical hyperthyroidism with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels 0.1 mU/L, the incidence of atrial fibrillation is increased.
Although in vitro and in vivo studies indicate a hypercoagulability state in hyperthyroidism, there is insufficient evidence to prove that this state leads to an increased risk of cardiac emboli.
However, the hypothesis that overt hyperthyroidism may cause acute cerebral venous thrombosis is intriguing. Possible associations between hyperthyroidism and Moyamoya or Giant cell arteritis have only been described in case reports.
There is enough evidence that overt hypothyroidism is associated with several traditional and newer atherosclerotic risk factors, especially hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia.
For subclinical hypothyroidism, these associations are less certain. Hypothyroidism has been associated with signs of aortic or coronary atherosclerosis, but no case-control or cohort studies have ever investigated hypothyroidism as a possible risk factor for atherothrombotic stroke.
Moyamoya Disease
Takaku, Suzuki and others described moyamoya disease in Japan in the sixties
The term means a 'wavering puff of smoke' and was used to describe the abnormal vasculature at the base of the brain.
Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disease that features narrowing or stenosis, starting at the distal internal carotid and proximal portions of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries.
Moyamoya syndrome is a phenomenon caused by an olegemic state similar in presentation but caused by various disease entities
Once believed to be restricted to Japan, there have now been reports from all over the world, especially China and Korea
Moyamoya is an intriguing disease and little is known about its pathogenesis.
Most patients present with the symptoms of cerebral ischemia and a few, especially adults, present with cerebral hemorrhage.

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